internal and external statements law enforcement

Jamaican Independent Commission of Investigations (INDECOM), South African Upon the release of the video, the police service arrested the officer, supported his indictment and fired him. Brian draws on his 25 years of law enforcement experience as a full time police officer and over 20 years of training experience providing cutting edge training to law enforcement officers and trainers throughout North America. Police Ombudsman of Northern Ireland and the Victim Services: Institutional and Non-Governmental Organizations, 7. Module 1: What Is Corruption and Why Should We Care? There is no prescriptive international standard on what a code of ethics should include. Leadership Spotlight: Hey, Did You Hear About? Once the investigation is completed, and the relevant authority within the police has decided on the appropriate result or the sanction; there should be mechanisms both for complainant and the accused officer to appeal that decision (CoE, 2001, article 33). Local, Regional & Global Solutions to Violence against Women & Girls, 1. X jY&Z[YMW& Ei4*7'_[$v-MoADN/3j6~=Q/tM0Wh@?GTSk Dl[lx+aZ6(Bj>K JUlM\PgnC3kHS\|+e) \(p~["w[^T7E&}{oF~G)4 fgx{>xWvhc Dictionary by Merriam-Webster: America's most-trusted online dictionary. With technology, police investigation methods and new forms of crime getting ever more complicated, it is conceivable that MPs may not be able to ask the right questions to oversee complex police functions and activities. Oversight can help hold the police or sheriff's department accountable for officer's actions. California's criminal statutes identify a wide range of illegal conduct that is made punishable by sanctions like imprisonment and fines. South African National Assemblyhas a permanent committee called the Portfolio Committee on Police, which is exclusively tasked with police oversight. These classify as diction errors. IPID, Leadership Spotlight: A Calm, Focused Mind, Community Outreach Spotlight: FBI Explorers, Officer Wellness Spotlight: Prevention and Early Detection of Heart Disease, Leadership Spotlight: The Connected Leader, Community Outreach Spotlight: National Faith and Blue Weekend, Crime Prevention Spotlight: Solving Homicides with Trading Cards, Leadership Spotlight: Effectively Managing Personnel, Community Outreach Spotlight: New Bern Noble Knights, Leadership Spotlight: Addressing Disengagement, Community Outreach Spotlight: Cooking with Cops, Russellville, Arkansas, Police Department, Granite County, Montana, Sheriffs Office, Louisiana Office of Alcohol and Tobacco Control, Wayland, Massachusetts, Police Department, Fayetteville, West Virginia, Police Department, Fredericksburg, Virginia, Police Department, Jefferson County, Washington, Sheriffs Office, Starkville, Mississippi, Police Department, Jefferson Township, New Jersey, Police Department, San Francisco, California, Police Department, Lake City, South Carolina, Police Department, Franklin, New Hampshire, Police Department, County of Plymouth, Massachusetts, Sheriffs Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Police Department, New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, Police Department, Middleburg Heights, Ohio, Police Department, North Miami Beach, Florida, Police Department, San Juan County, Washington, Sheriffs Office, Colorado State University Police Department, Manchester, Connecticut, Police Department, Anson County, North Carolina, Sheriffs Office, Sanbornton, New Hampshire, Police Department, Fitchburg, Massachusetts, Police Department, Martinsville, Virginia, Police Department, Mount Hope, West Virginia, Police Department. John Wiley & Sons, 2012. This system is intended to protect police officers' integrity as well as deter misbehavior, as well as to regain or improve public trust in law enforcement (Moses, 2018). public scrutiny and The Coaching Psychologist, 2014, 10(1), 7-16. In the work of Kouzes and Posner, those leadership principles are rebranded and molded into a corporate vernacular. Writing simple, straightforward sentences often eliminates fragments, run-on sentences, dangling modifiers, and other syntax errors. Procedures for regular and unannounced inspections and spot checks by the supervisors of places carrying high risk of human rights violations such as custody facilities and interrogation rooms. Often, writers identify common errors when they slow down and look for them. Parliaments can use this function to promote the incorporation of ethical and integrity standards to the selection and appointment processes of police chiefs. Achieving fairness in policing. As per international standards and good practices around the world, the following standards ensure effective internal complaint handling and disciplinary mechanisms: There is no doubt that internal complaint-handling mechanisms have the advantages of better knowledge of police culture and environment, greater resources for investigation (expertise and technical means), and higher likelihood of cooperation of the accused officer with the investigators (UNHRC, 2010, para. 87). Depending on its mandate and powers, IPCB either conducts the investigation independently, or supervises or cooperates with the police service for the investigation of the complaint. }ue ihuXn\;8dhd$JS+AnH0qB*::)Y)uhNghA xV" REiw,HuX $9=IpT\Pl|)x\ w7t0 ?YjOAd^. External statements (statements from the external point of view) are descriptive statements which can either bear on the internal aspect (moderate external statements) or on the external aspect (radical external statements of rules). Strong prioritization skills . Brian Willis is an internationally recognized thought leader, trainer and speaker. This will benefit the individuals reports, as well as the organization and fellow officers. With people afraid to say I see palm trees, would it be any surprise when the ship ends up in Miami? Copyright 2023 Leadership Spotlight: What Skills Can We Learn? Often, they just need to partner with someone who speaks well to ensure their diction and usage meet the required standards. That effort shows no signs of waning. The Danish IPCB has an exceptional power of taking binding decisions on disciplinary investigations, and its decision is final. Leadership Spotlight: Is Happiness Overrated? Most punctuation mistakes and syntax problems fall into the category of usage. &8d%#7^p6#&%p]\!-(eH |G\K&6M)21>d Re-read what constitutes credibility and the five practices of successful leaders. in economics from Northwestern University and an M.S. in Criminal Justice from Liberty University. By way of example, Walter Scott, an unarmed man fleeing from the police in the United States, was shot dead by a police officer, who then planted a weapon on the victim's body and informed his colleagues through radio that the man had attempted to grab the weapon. Article 6. Otherwise, why have a matrix at all? Examples. Aims and Significance of Alternatives to Imprisonment, 2. Laws restricting access to information and criminalizing journalistic activity are amongst the primary legal challenges. Picture an officer typing on a laptop in a patrol car late at night. Leadership Spotlight: President Jefferson and Criticism, Community Outreach Spotlight: Camp Cadet of Cambria County, Leadership Spotlight: Leadership Lessons from Mom. 2) People know more than they think they do. There is a growing realization that police are, perhaps, more effective in reducing fear of crime than having an unequivocal effect on actual crime figures, and a greater understanding that perceptions of police and, in turn, perception of citizens are a crucial component in the coproduction of public safety. The key caveat for accountability is that, after an independent investigation by the IPCB that establishes grounds for disciplinary or criminal sanctions, it would be very difficult for the police service or the prosecution to completely disregard the findings of the IPCB investigation, to cover up the case and not proceed with disciplinary proceedings or prosecution. The number one characteristic of an admired leader is honesty, as determined by respondents to the various incarnations of The Leadership Challenge. In the five editions since the book was first published in 1987, honesty was the most highly regarded trait. Consisting of 66 articles, the Code is organized under the following sub-headings: Similar standards are articulated in: the Appendix: How Corruption Affects the SDGs, Module 3: Corruption and Comparative Politics, Hybrid Systems and Syndromes of Corruption, Political Institution-building as a Means to Counter Corruption, Manifestations and Consequences of Public Sector Corruption, Forms & Manifestations of Private Sector Corruption, Consequences of Private Sector Corruption, Collective Action & Public-Private Partnerships against Corruption, Module 6: Detecting and Investigating Corruption, Detection Mechanisms - Auditing and Reporting, Brief background on the human rights system, Overview of the corruption-human rights nexus, Impact of corruption on specific human rights, Approaches to assessing the corruption-human rights nexus, Defining sex, gender and gender mainstreaming, Theories explaining the gendercorruption nexus, Manifestations of corruption in education, Module 10: Citizen Participation in Anti-Corruption Efforts, The role of citizens in fighting corruption, The role, risks and challenges of CSOs fighting corruption, The role of the media in fighting corruption, Access to information: a condition for citizen participation, ICT as a tool for citizen participation in anti-corruption efforts, Government obligations to ensure citizen participation in anti-corruption efforts, Module 1: Introduction to International Terrorism, Module 2: Conditions Conducive to Spread of Terrorism, Preventing & Countering Violent Extremism, Module 3: International Counter-Terrorism Legal Framework, International Cooperation & UN CT Strategy, Current Challenges to International Legal Framework, Module 4: Criminal Justice Responses to Terrorism, Module 5: Regional Counter-Terrorism Approaches, Module 6: Military / Armed Conflict Approaches, Relationship between IHL & intern. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 2019, 23(5), 538-551. Instructors and administrators can apply some basic principles when working with officers who need to build confidence and improve writing skills. 0000045343 00000 n Independent Police Conduct Authority in New Zealand and the The Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) is an investigative reporting platform formed by 40 non-profit investigative centres, scores of journalists and several major regional news organizations around the globe. Please discuss what might constitute an internal statement versus that of an external statement. Prefer experience with previous law enforcement or security position in a community college setting. 4. It should not be left to the discretion of a single officer to reject or discard the complaint (Amnesty International, 2015, p. 37). The officer was later sentenced to 20 years in prison (Zuckerman, 2016; Blinder, 2017). [6]Read that as an environment where officers are less productive, less forthcoming with ideas and less engaged in their job. This section explains the ways in which internal and external control and oversight mechanisms contribute to police accountability taking into consideration UNODC's conceptual framework of 'accountability before, during and after the act'. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2010, 25(7), 713-726. [4]This suggests that officers who are treated abusively internally are more likely to engage in the same practices with the public. These violations inform the level of trust afforded a given police department or even the police more broadly. law enforcement in general. However, legal stipulations in the laws may be insufficient when it comes to day-to-day exercise of policing powers. Every officer should know what the consequences are for violating policy. In addition to law-making, parliaments have other functions that contribute to 'accountability before the act': most parliaments are involved in reviewing, amending and adopting the state budget, which includes the budget of police services. When police actions constitute (or are suspected of constituting) a violation of the criminal code, judicial institutions investigate, prosecute, judge and, if necessary, sentence the police officers involved. Peoples lives are filled with language activities, and the constant flow of words means that opportunities to sharpen writing skills exist everywhere. 0000001581 00000 n This is a dynamic that has implications for all levels within a department, including informal leaders impacting new officers and officers impacting the community. Even if they possess such expertise, when the judges are not strictly independent of the executive, they may be hesitant to reject law enforcement's investigation methods, especially for investigating cases related to terrorism or organized crime, or related to politics; showing, instead, a tendency to rubber-stamp warrant requests. PCC has an internal accident / incident reporting book which is kept at the office. Second, a chain of command would clearly establish the respective monitoring roles and responsibilities of all police officers with supervisory ranks in the hierarchy. Secondly, most MPs do not have the substantive expertise that is necessary for effectively overseeing the police. 113). In sum, a well-established chain of command with managers having clearly defined supervisory roles, and effective monitoring mechanisms also contributes to police accountability 'during the act'. 5) Partnerships build brainpower, and appropriate writing habits follow. Most countries have information classification laws to protect national security interests. Leadership Spotlight: Should You Always Lead from the Front? By description, internal stakeholders mention individuals that have committed to serving the law enforcement agencies as staff, volunteers, funders, among other was of direct involvement (Prenzler, 2004). In most countries, the executive ministry that the police reports to is in charge of setting the overall vision for law enforcement; establishing the overarching policies for recruitment, performance indicators, promotions and training; and developing the disciplinary code (UNODC, 2011, p. 98). Knowledge about Gender in Organized Crime, Gender and Different Types of Organized Crime, Organized crime and Terrorism - International Legal Framework, International Terrorism-related Conventions, Organized Crime Convention and its Protocols, Theoretical Frameworks on Linkages between Organized Crime and Terrorism, Typologies of Criminal Behaviour Associated with Terrorism, Terrorism, Crime and Trafficking in Cultural Property, Intellectual Property Crime and Terrorism, Exploitation of Natural Resources and Terrorism, Module 1: Migrant Smuggling as a Specific Crime Type, UNTOC & the Protocol against Smuggling of Migrants, Migrant Smuggling vis-a-vis Other Crime Types, Module 2: Protection of Rights of Smuggled Migrants, Assistance and Protection in the Protocol, International Human Rights and Refugee Law, Positive and Negative Obligations of the State, Smuggled Migrants & Other Categories of Migrants, Module 3: Criminal Justice Response to Migrant Smuggling, Module 4: Prevention and Non-Criminal Justice Responses to Migrant Smuggling, Non-Criminal Law Relevant to Smuggling of Migrants, Complementary Activities & Role of Non-criminal Justice Actors, Macro-Perspective in Addressing Smuggling of Migrants, Module 5: Smuggling of Migrants in the Broader Context of Migration and its Drivers, Humanitarianism, Security and Migrant Smuggling, Module 6: Defining the Concept of Trafficking in Persons, Distinction between Trafficking in Persons and Other Crimes, Misconceptions Regarding Trafficking in Persons, Module 7: Prevention of Trafficking in Persons, Monitoring, Evaluating & Reporting on Effectiveness of Prevention, Module 8: Human Rights-Based Approach to Trafficking in Persons, Protection under the Protocol against Trafficking in Persons, State Responsibility for Trafficking in Persons, Principle of Non-Criminalization of Victims, Module 9: Criminal Justice Responses to Trafficking in Persons, Criminal Justice Duties Imposed on States, Current Low Levels of Prosecutions and Convictions, Challenges to an Effective Criminal Justice Response, Rights of Victims to Justice and Protection, Module 10: Role of Civil Society and the Private Sector in Countering Trafficking in Persons, Module 11: SOM & TIP - Differences and Commonalities, Vulnerability and Continuum between SOM & TIP, Module 12: Children as Smuggled Migrants & Victims of Trafficking, Protecting Smuggled and Trafficked Children, Children Alleged as Having Committed Smuggling or Trafficking Offences, Module 13: Gender Dimensions of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants, Basic Terms - Gender and Gender Stereotypes, International Legal Frameworks and Definitions of TIP and SOM, Key Debates in the Scholarship on TIP and SOM, Module 14: Links between Cybercrime, Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants, Use of Technology to Facilitate TIP and SOM, Technology Facilitating Trafficking in Persons, Using Technology to Prevent and Combat TIP and SOM, Module 1: Illicit Markets for Wildlife, Forest & Fisheries Products, Locations and Activities relating to Wildlife Trafficking, Module 2: International Frameworks for Combating Wildlife Trafficking, CITES & the International Trade in Endangered Species, Module 3: Criminal Justice Responses to Wildlife Trafficking, Investigation Measures and Detection Methods, Module 4: Illegal Exploitation of Wild Flora, Wild Flora as the Target of Illegal Trafficking, Purposes for which Wild Flora is Illegally Targeted, Module 5: Sustainable Livelihoods and Community Engagement, Background: Communities and conservation: A history of disenfranchisement, Incentives for communities to get involved in illegal wildlife trafficking: the cost of conservation, Incentives to participate in illegal wildlife, logging and fishing economies, International and regional responses that fight wildlife trafficking while supporting IPLCs, Mechanisms for incentivizing community conservation and reducing wildlife trafficking, Other challenges posed by wildlife trafficking that affect local populations, Apr. Internal financial data is the underlying data for external financial reporting and is subject to audit under federal and state law and other external agencies. In Kenya, the Government cancelled the recruitment of 3000 officers and suspended 60 senior officers after an investigation by the Anti-Corruption Commission revealed that up to 80% of the candidates had either paid bribes or used their connections to get jobs (BBC, 2005). In doing so, most inspectorates focus on identifying systemic issues and failures, instead of investigating individual cases of misconduct, the latter of which is often delegated to the police. Some IPCBs also serve as an appeal body, in cases where the complainant and/or the accused police officer are not satisfied with the outcome of the disciplinary investigation or the sanction imposed. Analytical thinker who develops human-centered yet . GDmjNxSdLC1r]cPz(!8e:Sm;PA@,( KI:-?{#,+ VFltQHN%)-{]H|b` 2+@%;GU`6lj%p%R&Mb9X$S2NYwF3UxC0e($ OMG/VQ0}lL./C Rq`Utbdcx`}4ylrGrj@}!m3D =wWF(rzHBNJ@yi|E{IsX}4s5 Effective writing involves organizing and expressing facts and ideasskills people develop from the time they learn to speak. Thirdly, there is always an inherent risk that parliamentarians will use oversight tools, mechanisms, and information obtained through their oversight activities to further their political agenda or inflict maximum damage to their rival politicians. These include searching of private dwellings, or collecting information through covert surveillance of communications, which may be needed for investigating organized crime or terrorism-related offences. Honesty has been singled out as a virtue for millennia. Look for a box or option labeled Home Page (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari) or On Startup (Chrome). There are certain types of policing functions such as Issues in Implementing Restorative Justice, Module 9: Gender in the Criminal Justice System, 1. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 2012, 25(3), 422-433. The table below can be sorted alphabetically by title or citation. Therefore, over the last decades, international normative instruments have emphasized the need for an effective and independent investigation of alleged offences committed by the police, in particular the cases of use of force and of extrajudicial, arbitrary and summary executions ( It is also important to note that IPCBs are not the only independent oversight institutions in a police accountability system. Concept, Values and Origin of Restorative Justice, 2. Law enforcement reports become scrutinized more than most documents.2 Fear of mistakes often triggers memories of school days spent diagramming sentences, memorizing parts of speech, and laboring over complex writing assignments. B. External accountability procedures reviewed in this paper 0000001404 00000 n Am I treating citizens with dignity and respect? Open the tools menu in your browser. Develop the habit of using resourcesa dictionary, Internet search, or quick question for a fellow officer who writes well. In such cases, appointment of police chiefs, inspections and parliamentary investigations carry the risk of being unduly politicized (Wills, 2010, p. 42-43). SmithN, Fredricks-Lowman I. 1) Formal grammar is not the problem or the solution. Being a member of a parliamentary police oversight committee is one of the multiple duties Members of Parliaments (MPs) have. These institutions often report to the Parliament and monitor various aspects of law enforcement depending on their mandates and powers. All rights reserved. If having credibility is the foundation for effective leadership, Kouzes and Posner build the remainder of their leadership structure with five practices: Each of these practices has long been a part of successful leadership. Every member of an agency should know what is expected from them, especially in their current role. Audit, General Definitions. Countries attempt to mitigate these challenges by: assigning specialized judges for reviewing warrants, and special prosecutors for investigating offences by the police (CoE, 2009, para. These include the right to be informed during and after the investigation, right to provide evidence and call witnesses, right to appeal and pursue civil and criminal proceedings in parallel, as per the. Quality Assurance and Legal Aid Services, 1. victim involvement in the investigative process (CoE, 2009, p. 3). Program, Leadership Spotlight: Helium vs. External is how we see the world around us. endstream endobj 289 0 obj <>/Metadata 37 0 R/Outlines 82 0 R/Pages 286 0 R/StructTreeRoot 90 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 290 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 286 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 291 0 obj <>stream Secondly, reporting on an incident can carry the risk of violating the privacy of the victim and their relatives. Am I telling them why I am doing what I am doing, given the time and the safety necessary to do so? The Federal Trade Commission, along with more than 50 federal and state law enforcement partners, today announced a nationwide law enforcement and outreach initiative to protect consumers from phantom debt collection and abusive and threatening debt collection practices. On March 10, 2016, the SEC announced a settlement of claims against Magnum Hunter Resources Corporation in connection with alleged internal . Rigorous record keeping and internal briefing and reporting procedures, which would help supervisors monitor the activities of their subordinates, analyse trends, identify problematic practices from incident reports and assess whether there are systemic factors behind those practices (OSCE, 2009, para. Select the option or tab named Internet Options (Internet Explorer), Options (Firefox), Preferences (Safari) or Settings (Chrome). Justice for Children in Conflict with the Law, Module 14: Independence of the Judiciary and the Role of Prosecutors, 1a. In recognition of these standards and principles, representatives of international and regional actors, such as the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions and the Council of Europe Human Rights Commissioner have called for the establishment of independent police complaint bodies ('IPCB') as they are best suited to conduct effective investigations of police complaints (CoE, 2009; UNHRC, 2010). This includes information sharing between Federal, State, Local, Tribal, Territorial (FSLTT) and International partners. Thus, it is in the parliament's purview to establish a comprehensive legal framework on policing that is in line with international laws and human rights standards. The Need. All rights reserved. 88; UNHRC, 2010; Tait, Frank and Ndung'u, 2011, p. 1). Some useful guidelines can help any writer. There are certain risks and ethical considerations associated with the media investigating and reporting on police action and potential abuses. Department of Justice. Such mechanisms have three main components: Professional and integrity standards Ongoing supervision and monitoring Internal reporting and disciplinary mechanisms (DCAF, 2015a). People associate writing with workbooks and grammar tests from their youth. SSM - Population Health, 2017,3, 393-402. Precisely for such situations, police services need to establish a code of ethics which sets overarching integrity standards that are built upon the values of impartiality, fairness, equality, justice, honesty as well as principles for respecting, human rights and dignity (Costa and Thorens, 2015). If well promoted, a code of ethics setting out integrity standards has the potential to: give guidance for action to police officers facing ethical dilemmas; contribute to a better identification, analysis and resolution of ethical problems; and assist the exercise of leadership and management throughout the organization and enhance public trust in the police (CoE, 2001, Explanatory Memorandum). Fundamental Principles Instructors and administrators can apply some basic principles when working with officers who need to build confidence and improve writing skills. By way of example, It should be noted that such commissions do not have judicial powers and are not intended to replace judicial processes that may be taking place at the same time. If exemplary conduct from officers is expected, those officers must be shown those behaviors from agency leadership. By way of example, having clear professional standards, guidelines and instructions on arrest and detention procedures would be a good first step for preventing police officers from breaching the law during arrests. Inspiring a shared vision (commanders intent or mission statement); Challenging the process (inventive or adaptable); Enabling others to act (decentralize authority), and, Encouraging the heart (ritual, history and recognition). Every Chief must have a good handle on the purpose of investigating internal inquiries and take them seriously if they are interested in earning the respect of their political body, the citizenry they serve, and the officers and civilians who work for them. 2. Contemporary issues relating to non-discrimination and fundamental freedoms, Module 1: United Nations Norms & Standards on Crime Prevention & Criminal Justice, 1. Enter https://www.police1.com/ and click OK. Crippling for an agencys morale, and something the author has observed is when commonly accepted department practices that are technically violations of policy, are brought to bear against an officer as reprisal for perceived slights/offenses rather than for a legitimate disciplinary purpose. Context for Use of Force by Law Enforcement Officials, 3. All the necessary documents: Witness statements, law enforcement reports, pertinent state laws and evidence exhibits are all provided for the students. 0000071061 00000 n finds relevant news, identifies important training information, Leadership Spotlight: How Do We Lead from Here? Leadership Spotlight: You Cannot Lead from Behind Your Desk, Leadership Spotlight: Believe in Your Own Leadership, Leadership Spotlight: Build Bridges, Not Dams - Performance Evaluations, Officer Survival Spotlight: Lessons Learned from Critical Encounters, Leadership Spotlight: Emotional Triggers in Decision Making, Officer Survival Spotlight: Wide-Reaching Benefits of Law Enforcement Training, Officer Survival Spotlight: National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial, Leadership Spotlight: Lunchtime Learning Seminars - Benefits and Steps to Get Started, Officer Survival Spotlight: Speed and Seatbelts, Leadership Spotlight: Humility - A Leadership Trait That Gets Results, Officer Survival Spotlight: Officer Perception and Assault Prevention, Leadership Spotlight: The Legacy of a Leader, Officer Survival Spotlight: By the Numbers - Turning LEOKA Data into Training Opportunities, Officer Survival Spotlight: Much More Than a Job - Creating a Lasting Tribute. As stated earlier, in the framework of laws, police officers often have a wide degree of discretion in exercising their powers. To summarize: people remain most powerfully attracted to leaders who are viewed as honest, forward-looking, competent and inspiring in that order. "q@mW(A;^g[ci3f.Yk:0?sp~z = Police services should also establish effective mechanisms and procedures for receiving, handling and investigating complaints by members of the public against the police officers. Leadership Spotlight: President John Quincy Adams and Bounded Ethicality, Leadership Spotlight: Leadership During Change, Leadership Spotlight: Intent vs. Impact - Communicating Effectively, Leadership Spotlight: Having Hard Conversations, Leadership Spotlight: Remember to Focus on What Really Matters, Crime Prevention Spotlight: Combating Thefts from Automobiles, Leadership Spotlight: Lessons from the Living Room, Leadership Spotlight: Why Leaders Lose Good People, Community Outreach Spotlight: Run with the Police.